Abstract

In recent years, frequent accidents involving fireworks have caused serious casualties and property damage. This article analyzes the reasons for the frequent accidents and identifies the common dangerous factors in fireworks production, storage, and transportation processes. It proposes accident prevention measures and presents the structure, functions, monitoring and supervision methods, and workflow of a dynamic monitoring and supervision system for producing, storing, and transporting fireworks. The system can provide early warning of accidents and auxiliary decision-making for emergency rescue operations. It can also provide timely and accurate information and data support for the safety monitoring of fireworks enterprises and supervision of the various levels of administrative departments to prevent and eliminate major accidents involving fireworks.

Keywords: fireworks; dangerous and hazardous factors; monitoring; supervision; emergency plan.

Project Funding

National Key Technology Research and Development Program, Phase II (2007BAK22B0204-1), National High-Tech Research and Development Program (863 Program) (2006AA040107), and Basic Research Fund of China Academy of Safety Science and Technology (2007JBKY05).

Introduction

Fireworks and firecrackers are highly flammable and explosive products. The biggest challenge throughout the entire process, from production to consumption, is safety. Accidents caused by safety issues are not uncommon and have caused serious losses to people’s lives and property and negatively impacted social stability [1]. For example, on the afternoon of January 29, 2006, an explosion occurred in the Lianglin Fireworks Co., Ltd. warehouse in Linyi, Henan Province, resulting in 36 deaths and 48 injuries. On the night of February 3, 2007, an explosion occurred in a fireworks and firecrackers warehouse in Donggang City, Liaoning Province, causing damage to more than 100 nearby households and injuring more than 20 residents of different degrees. Millions of fireworks and firecrackers in the warehouse were reduced to ashes. On February 14, 2008, Foshan, Guangdong’s largest fireworks and firecrackers storage area, exploded for 19 consecutive hours, with explosive power equivalent to a 1.1 magnitude earthquake. The main reasons for the frequent occurrence of fireworks and firecracker accidents are as follows [2] [3] [4] [5]:

A serious problem of illegal production

To pursue immediate economic benefits, some business operators disregard relevant laws and regulations of the country and illegally produce fireworks and firecrackers.

Production enterprises do not have basic safety conditions.

Many fireworks and firecracker factories are located and designed in a way that does not meet safety requirements and lacks the necessary firefighting equipment. Their production equipment is simple, and their operating methods are primitive. These fireworks and firecracker production enterprises that do not have basic safety conditions are bound to cause mass casualties in case of accidents.

Incomplete safety management system

Many fireworks and firecracker production enterprises lack the necessary safety knowledge, leading to their inadequate understanding of national safety laws, regulations, and standards. Consequently, safety management systems within these enterprises are weak or nonexistent, and safety regulations are either not followed or nonexistent.

The quality of employees is poor

Many fireworks and firecracker production companies hire untrained workers without proper safety education and technical training to operate, resulting in serious violations of safety regulations during production.

Safety monitoring and supervision of fireworks and firecrackers products have always been difficult for both the enterprises and management departments.

Fireworks and firecracker companies lack effective monitoring systems and technical methods, making it difficult to promptly detect unsafe factors in producing, storing, and transporting fireworks and firecrackers. Regarding accident risks and management loopholes in the daily production of fireworks and firecrackers, regulatory agencies lack effective supervision methods and technologies. They cannot promptly obtain relevant information from the accident site after an incident, which seriously affects the implementation of emergency rescue work.

Fireworks and firecracker production is a potentially high-risk industry. However, this risk can be effectively controlled through strong safety management measures and technological interventions, thereby minimizing the frequency of accidents. Both domestically and internationally, scientific research and engineering practices have shown that real-time monitoring of major hazards is an effective way to prevent and control major industrial accidents. This is because the development process of accidents often involves abnormal changes in operating parameters and information, most of which can be detected through real-time monitoring.

The production of fireworks and firecrackers is a potentially highly hazardous industry. However, this danger can also be effectively controlled through strong safety management measures and technological intervention, thereby minimizing the frequency of accidents. Scientific research and engineering practices at home and abroad have shown that real-time monitoring of major hazard sources effectively prevents and controls major industrial accidents. The reason is that the occurrence and development of accidents often accompany abnormal changes in operating parameters and information. Many of these parameters and information are observable, and some are controllable.

Therefore, in addition to cracking down on and eliminating illegal production enterprises of fireworks and firecrackers, supervising legal enterprises to strengthen safety management system construction, improving the quality of practitioners, and investigating and rectifying hidden safety hazards, it is also necessary to follow the technical idea of major hazard source monitoring, use modern information technology means, establish a dynamic monitoring and regulatory system for the entire process of production, storage, and transportation of fireworks and firecrackers, enable enterprises to warn and alarm against accidents and eliminate hidden dangers, and construct a networked government regulatory platform to strengthen the safety management of fireworks and firecrackers from both enterprise on-site monitoring and government supervision perspectives, improve work efficiency, reduce business and safety management costs, and prevent and reduce the occurrence of major accidents.

Analysis of Hazards in the Production, Storage, and Transportation of Fireworks and Firecrackers, and Measures for Accident Prevention.

The main types of accidents in producing and storing fireworks and firecrackers are combustion and explosion. The danger of fire and explosion accidents is serious, and the main causes of combustion and explosion are as follows [8] [9] [10]:

1) External mechanical force

During the production, storage, and transportation processes, fireworks and firecrackers are susceptible to impact and friction from external mechanical forces, which can easily lead to safety accidents. There are two types of impact phenomena during the storage and transport process: one is the hazardous materials being struck by foreign objects, and the other is the materials falling from a high place. The main causes of external impact are improper handling or flying objects striking the materials. Improper stacking or stacking too high can cause the materials to fall from a high place, hitting the ground and causing accidental explosions or fires. Friction is also a danger to fireworks and firecrackers. When in motion, friction can generate a large amount of heat. At a certain moment, when the temperature reaches the ignition point of the chemicals, combustion or explosions can occur.

Preventive measures: To prevent falling accidents, stacking must be done according to requirements, different products and different specifications of packaging should be stacked separately, and the stack must be firm; it is strictly forbidden to unpack in warehouses that have not been treated for non-flammable materials on the ground to prevent combustion and explosion accidents. During loading and unloading operations, operators should concentrate on their work and handle the goods gently to prevent falling. Dressing, rolling, throwing, and other brutal methods are strictly forbidden during loading and unloading operations. Damaged or leaked fireworks products should be handled promptly, and the dropped fireworks and pyrotechnic agents on the ground should be cleaned up with a wet cloth in time. The tools used for transporting fireworks and firecrackers should be cleaned to prevent accidents caused by friction.

2) Existence of ignition sources

Ignition sources include open flames and sparks that occur instantaneously for some reason. The flame sensitivity of the pyrotechnic agents in fireworks and firecrackers is relatively high, and they can easily ignite and cause combustion and explosions when exposed to an ignition source.

Prevention measures: Strict control of open flames should be implemented in the production workshops, warehouses, and transport vehicles. The use of tools that may produce sparks, such as shovels, is strictly prohibited during operations in the warehouse. In autumn and winter, measures should be taken to prevent external ignition sources.

3) Static electricity causes explosions

Static electricity can cause fires and explosions because static electric sparks have ignition energy. Finished fireworks and firecrackers, as well as the fireworks and gunpowder contained in them, are poor conductors of electricity, making them susceptible to static electricity during packaging, transportation, loading and unloading, and other processes. Once static electricity discharge occurs and reaches the ignition point, it can cause combustion and explosion.

Preventive measures: Efforts should be made to eliminate or control the conditions for generating and accumulating static electricity. Reliable grounding devices should be installed on equipment or containers prone to accumulate charges, and conductive materials should be used to cover the ground and workbenches. Grounding facilities should be installed on the workbench surface.

4) Accidents caused by lightning

Lightning-induced accidents: Lightning is a natural process of electrostatic discharge in the atmosphere. When thunderclouds approach the ground, opposite charges are induced on the ground. When the charge accumulates to a certain extent, discharge occurs between clouds and between clouds and the ground, resulting in light and sound. When a strong lightning current or electromagnetic field passes through a conductor, it will be transformed into a large amount of heat quickly, generating high temperatures and causing the combustion of flammable materials and the explosion of chemicals.

Preventive measures: To prevent lightning hazards, lightning protection facilities should be installed in warehouses, and production plants; overhead lines are not allowed to be introduced into warehouses to prevent the accumulation of material with high electric potential. Good grounding should be ensured when taking lightning protection measures.

5) Electrical accidents

Suppose various electrical equipment and circuits such as power supply, lighting, communications and monitoring facilities exist in the production workshop, warehouse, and carriage of fireworks and firecrackers. In that case, they may produce arcs, sparks, and high-temperature hazards under normal operation, accident status, or external influences. If they come into contact with dangerous goods, there is a risk of combustion and explosion.

Preventive measures: The required lines and equipment in the production workshop and warehouse should be selected and installed strictly under explosion-proof standards. Professional personnel should regularly inspect the lines and equipment. If the lines and equipment are found to be aging or damaged, they should be repaired or replaced in a timely manner. The driver’s cab of the transportation vehicle should have a cut-off main power supply and an isolation spark device. The vehicle’s exhaust pipe should be equipped with insulation and fire extinguishing devices.

6) The impact of temperature and humidity

Fireworks and firecrackers are highly sensitive to temperature and humidity. When the temperature is too high and poor ventilation in the space, it is easy to cause fire and explosion. When the humidity is too high, substances such as magnesium-aluminum powder and aluminum-silver powder in the components of fireworks and firecrackers react violently with moisture, releasing a large amount of flammable gas and heat. If the heat is not dissipated in time and accumulates, it can cause the temperature to rise and reach the self-ignition point of the chemicals, causing combustion and explosion.

Preventive measures: Temperature and humidity meters should be installed in the production workshop, warehouse, and transportation vehicle compartments to strengthen ventilation and prevent the temperature and humidity from exceeding the relevant standards. The concentration of harmful gases in the work environment should meet the requirements of the “Hygiene Standards for Industrial Enterprises Design.”

7) Unsafe behavior of humans

In fireworks production accidents, personnel’s violation of regulations, improper command, and failure to follow discipline are the main causes of accidents and the primary reasons for the expansion of casualties and losses. Currently, most of China’s fireworks production enterprises adopt traditional production processes, with many manual operations and production personnel consisting mainly of migrant workers with relatively low safety production knowledge. Therefore, violations of regulations, improper command, and failure to follow discipline occur frequently, posing significant safety hazards.

Preventive measures: Strengthen employee production safety education and training to improve personnel quality. Use technical means to monitor violations of regulations, improper command, and failure to follow discipline.

In addition to the above preventive measures, to prevent major accidents caused by fireworks and firecrackers from the source, companies must establish a dynamic monitoring and early warning system for producing, storing, and transporting fireworks and firecrackers. The system should monitor and warn of safety status information or accident signs in the above production, storage, and transportation processes to reduce accident risks. Government regulatory departments can connect to the system through the Internet, investigate and rectify violations and hidden safety hazards in production, and effectively supervise the safety of fireworks and firecracker companies.

The Architecture of Dynamic Monitoring and Regulatory System for Fireworks Production, Storage, and Transportation

The architecture of the dynamic monitoring and supervision system for producing, storing, and transporting fireworks and firecrackers.

The dynamic monitoring and supervision system for producing, storing, and transporting fireworks and firecrackers consists of a two-level system: the enterprise monitoring center and the government supervision center, which typically is connected via the Internet or a private network (as shown in Figure 1).

The monitoring center system includes temperature and humidity sensors, cameras, smoke sensors, sound and light alarms, etc. installed in the fireworks and firecracker production workshops; infrared intrusion sensors, access control devices, smoke sensors, temperature and humidity sensors, cameras, ventilation equipment, sound and light alarms, etc. installed in the fireworks and firecracker warehouses; vehicle-mounted controllers, storage devices, global positioning (GPS) modules, displays, short message receiving and sending devices, sound and light alarms installed in the driver’s cab of the fireworks and firecracker transportation vehicles; collision sensors installed in the front of the vehicle, temperature and humidity sensors installed in the compartment, and monitoring and warning hosts, network switches, monitoring servers, data servers, network servers, firewalls, three-screen monitoring stations, short message receiving and sending devices, sound and light alarms, etc. installed in the monitoring center.

The dynamic monitoring and supervision system for the production, storage, and transportation of fireworks and firecrackers consists of two levels of systems: the enterprise monitoring center and the government supervision center, which are connected via the Internet or a dedicated network (as shown in Figure 1).

The monitoring center system includes temperature and humidity sensors, cameras, smoke sensors, sirens, etc., installed in the fireworks and firecracker production workshop, infrared intrusion sensors, access control equipment, smoke sensors, temperature and humidity sensors, cameras, ventilation equipment, sirens, etc. installed in the warehouse, vehicle-mounted controllers, storage devices, GPS modules, displays, short message receiving and sending devices, sirens installed in the driver’s cab of the fireworks and firecracker transport vehicles, collision sensors installed in the front of the vehicle, temperature and humidity sensors installed in the carriage, and monitoring and warning host, network switch, monitoring server, data server, network server, firewall, three-screen monitoring station, short message receiving and sending equipment, sirens, etc. installed in the monitoring center.

Electrical equipment and sensors, such as cameras installed in fireworks and firecracker production workshops, warehouses, and transport vehicle compartments, should be explosion-proof.

The supervision center system includes network switches and firewalls, network servers, data servers, supervision servers, large screens, and alarms connected to the supervision server.

The translation is accurate and conveys the meaning of the original text clearly. However, I suggest rephrasing some sentences for better readability. Here is my suggestion:

The monitoring center system integrates monitoring the production, storage, and transportation of fireworks and firecrackers. It collects and processes safety parameters and video information from production workshops, warehouses, and transportation vehicles. It provides functions such as warning of safety parameters and violations of safe operating procedures, full-track monitoring of transportation processes, and real-time response to alarms and accidents. Its purpose is to prevent and eliminate major and catastrophic accidents in fireworks and firecrackers production, storage, and transportation processes.

The monitoring center system integrates the monitoring of fireworks and firecracker production, storage, and transportation. It collects and processes the safety parameters and video information of fireworks and firecracker production workshops, warehouses, and transport vehicles. It achieves functions such as early warning of safety parameters and violations of safety operation procedures, full-process tracking of transportation, real-time response and linkage processing when alarms and accidents occur, etc., to prevent and eliminate major and severe accidents in the production, storage, and transportation of fireworks and firecrackers.

The regulatory center system receives real-time alarm information from customers at the monitoring center, remotely views safety parameter information and video information on the monitoring site, and dynamically grades the safety status of fireworks and firecracker enterprises based on their alarm information and disposal measures. It provides timely and accurate information and data support for the hierarchical supervision of fireworks and firecracker enterprises by various levels of management departments and emergency response to accidents, better protecting the safety of people’s lives and property.

Workflow of the dynamic monitoring and supervision system for producing, storing, and transporting fireworks and firecrackers.

1) Dynamic monitoring method of production, storage, and transportation of fireworks and firecrackers and workflow (as shown in Figure 2).

Figure 2: Workflow diagram of the system monitoring process.

1.1) Real-time collection of safety parameters and video information in fireworks and firecrackers production workshops and warehouses.

The monitoring and warning host collects safety parameter information (including two analog signals: temperature and humidity and two switch signals: smoke detection and infrared intrusion detection) and video information from the fireworks and firecrackers production workshops and warehouses. After compression and encoding, the data is transmitted via the enterprise LAN to the monitoring center’s monitoring server.

1.2) Dynamic display of safety parameters and video information of fireworks and firecracker production workshops and warehouses.

The monitoring server integrates elements of the configuration monitoring interface into a web-based comprehensive management interface, flexibly displaying various monitoring screens and providing a multi-monitoring point rotation function.

Based on the real-time collection of safety parameters and video information in the production workshops and warehouses of fireworks and firecrackers, all the names or numbers of the production workshops and warehouses are dynamically displayed on the three-screen monitoring station. As needed, a trend curve or numerical display can be used to show the safety parameters of a particular production workshop facility or warehouse.

The video monitoring screen can be dynamically configured and select various display modes such as full screen, 4-screen, and 16-screen to display one, four, or sixteen channels of video information, respectively. The on-site images of different production workshops and warehouses can be displayed on one page or different groups of pages.

1.3) Graded warning, alarm, and emergency handling of firework and firecracker production workshops and warehouses.

Different alarm thresholds or conditions are set in the monitoring and regulatory centers to determine different alarm levels. The safety parameters for fireworks and firecrackers in production workshops and warehouses include temperature (t) with two threshold levels set at 30℃ and 35℃ and relative humidity (h) with two threshold levels set at 50% and 75%. Based on the alarm thresholds or conditions at each level, the alarm signal is automatically determined to be transmitted in real-time to the local monitoring center or monitoring center, achieving a graded alarm. Specifically:

1.   When the temperature in the production workshop or warehouse is between 30℃<t<35℃ or the relative humidity is between 50%<h<75%, the monitoring and warning host starts the audio and visual alarm to alert on-site personnel to take corresponding measures. At the same time, the warning information (including warning parameters, warning point locations, etc.) is sent to the monitoring server. After receiving the warning information, the monitoring server automatically switches the monitoring screen to the corresponding video image and parameter information of the warning point. It displays the corresponding warning disposal measures on the three-screen monitoring console for reference by safety monitoring personnel, such as opening windows for ventilation or starting the air conditioning system.

2.   When the temperature in the production workshop or warehouse is above 35℃, the relative humidity is above 75%, or one of the smoke sensor and infrared intrusion sensors outputs a high level, the monitoring and warning host starts the ventilation equipment and on-site alarm to alert on-site personnel to evacuate and automatically record the alarm scene. At the same time, the alarm information (including alarm parameters, alarm point locations, etc.) is sent to the monitoring server. After receiving the alarm information, the monitoring server displays the safety parameters of the alarm on the three-screen monitoring console. It automatically switches the monitoring screen to the video image and parameter information of the alarm point. Safety monitoring personnel can reset the alarm device by pressing the alarm reset button on the monitoring server interface.

3.   If the safety personnel does not reset the alarm through the button on the monitoring server interface within 30 seconds, or if there are two or more alarms, the monitoring server will automatically send a mobile short message alarm to the designated safety officer and company leader and upload the alarm information to the supervision server.

1.4) Collecting safety parameters and location information of fireworks and firecrackers transportation vehicles.

According to the pre-set sampling frequency of the onboard terminal, the temperature, humidity, collision sensors, and global positioning system (GPS) module connected to the onboard controller is polled to collect safety parameter information and vehicle location information of the fireworks and firecracker transport vehicle. The onboard controller encodes the above information to form a short message sent to the monitoring center’s short message communication device by the short message communication device of the onboard terminal. The monitoring server receives the short message through the straightforward message-receiving device interface, decodes the information, displays it, and sends it to the data server for storage. The format of the short message is as follows:

Please note that the original text has been translated to the best of my abilities, but it is always best to have a native speaker proofread it to ensure accuracy.

1.5) Dynamic display of safety parameters and location information for fireworks transport vehicles on GIS maps.

According to the safety parameters and location information of fireworks transport vehicles obtained from the decoding of the monitoring server, the GIS map dynamically displays the vehicle’s identification number, location, speed, and safety parameters and tracks the vehicle’s trajectory. As needed, the safety parameters of the vehicle are displayed as trend curves.

1.6) Graded warning, alarm, and handling of fireworks transport vehicles.

The safety parameters of fireworks transport vehicles are as follows: temperature (t) has two threshold values of 30°C and 35°C, relative humidity (h) has two threshold values of 50% and 75%, and vehicle speed (v) has two threshold values of 70km/h and 80km/h. The specific handling is as follows:

1.   When the temperature inside the carriage is 30°C < t < 35°C or the relative humidity is 50% < h < 75%, or the vehicle speed is 70km/h < v < 80km/h, the onboard controller stores the safety parameter information in the memory, activates the local alarm for sound and light warning, reminds the driver and escort, and prompts the warning handling measures on display, such as opening the carriage ventilation system or air conditioning system, and reminds the driver and escort to take corresponding measures.

2.   When the temperature inside the carriage is t > 35°C, or the relative humidity is h > 75%, or v > 80km/h, the onboard controller stores the safety parameter information in the memory, activates the local alarm for sound and light warning, reminds the driver and escort, and sends an alarm short message to the monitoring server through the short message sending and receiving device. The display prompts the alarm handling measures, such as parking on the roadside and opening the carriage ventilation for inspection. After receiving the short alarm message through the short connected message sending and receiving device, the monitoring server decodes the information to obtain the vehicle’s identification number, location, and safety parameter information, stores it in the data server, and automatically switches the monitoring screen to the GIS map interface to display the above information. The driver or escort can press the interface’s alarm reset button to reset the device. Suppose the driver or escort does not reset the alarm within 30 seconds. In that case, the monitoring server sends a short message alarm to the vehicle driver, escort, safety responsible person, and responsible enterprise person. It uploads the alarm information to the supervision server.

3. When the collision sensor outputs a high-voltage signal

The onboard controller stores the safety parameter information in the memory and activates the local alarm (alerting the driver and escort to leave the vehicle and report the accident to the monitoring center via mobile phone text message or phone call). The onboard controller sends accident alarm information to the monitoring server through the information transmission device. After receiving the alarm message through the connected short message transmission device, the monitoring server decodes the information to obtain the vehicle’s number, location, and safety parameter information stored in the data server. The monitoring screen automatically switches to the GIS map interface to display the above information. At the same time, it uploads the accident alarm information to the supervisory server, sends mobile phone text message alarms to the safety officer and enterprise manager, and initiates the corresponding accident emergency plan. The format of the alarm text message is as follows:

Note: There were no major errors in the original text, but a few minor changes were made for clarity and readability.

2) refers to the methods and workflow for dynamically supervising the production, storage, and transportation of fireworks and firecrackers, as depicted in Figure 3.

2.1) Analysis of enterprise safety status

This method involves the design of arbitrary query conditions to conduct complex searches of safety information in production workshops and warehouses. It provides statistical results on alarms’ type, frequency, and disposition during a given time. This facilitates the comprehensive analysis and comparison of the safety situation in various production workshops and warehouses by local management departments and enterprises. It allows for a dynamic evaluation of the safety situation in local fireworks and firecracker production and storage and the safety management level of enterprises. This enables local management departments to strengthen safety supervision in a targeted manner.

2.1) Statistical Analysis of enterprise safety status

Arbitrary query conditions are designed to conduct composite queries on the safety information of production workshops and warehouses, providing statistical results of alarm types, frequency, and disposal within a given time. This facilitates the comprehensive analysis and comparison of the safety situation of each production workshop and warehouse by local management departments and enterprises. It dynamically evaluates the safety situation of local fireworks and firecrackers production and storage and the safety management level of enterprises, enabling local management departments to strengthen safety regulations in a targeted manner.

2.2) Viewing enterprise monitoring information

According to daily regulatory needs, authorized users of the regulatory center can log in to the monitoring server of the monitoring center to view real-time safety parameter information of temperature, humidity, smoke sensing, infrared intrusion, and other fireworks and firecracker production workshops and warehouses in the form of trend curves or numerical values. They can also view on-site 1, 4, or 16-channel video information in full screen, 4-split screen, or 16-split screen mode. On the GIS map, they can track the dynamic operation of fireworks and firecrackers transport vehicles and view vehicle safety parameter information and location information in trend curves or numerical values.

2.3) Receiving and handling enterprise alarm information

When an alarm is received from the fireworks and firecracker production workshop or warehouse, the regulatory server stores the alarm information on the data server. It remotely logs into the monitoring server, activating the alarm sound and light to remind regulatory personnel to pay attention. It also displays the alarm’s safety parameters and video images in a linked manner.

When an alarm is received for temperature, humidity, vehicle speed limit, and collision accidents of fireworks and firecrackers transport vehicles, the regulatory server stores the alarm information on the data server and remotely logs into the monitoring server. The GIS map tracks the dynamic trajectory of the transport vehicle and displays vehicle safety parameter information and location information in trend curves or numerical values.

2.4) Activating accident emergency plans

When a collision accident occurs during fireworks and firecrackers transport, the regulatory server activates the corresponding accident emergency rescue plan, displaying the availability of emergency rescue facilities and forces around the accident on the GIS map and providing decision support for emergency rescue command.

Conclusion

To solve the problems existing in the monitoring and regulating of the production, storage, and transportation of fireworks and firecrackers, this paper proposes a dynamic monitoring and regulation system for the production, storage, and transportation of fireworks and firecrackers based on the analysis of hazardous factors. The system can provide warning of safety parameters and violations of safety operation procedures, real-time tracking of transportation processes, and real-time response and linkage processing of alarms and accidents. It can provide timely and accurate information and data support for the safety monitoring of fireworks and firecrackers enterprises and hierarchical management of various levels of management departments, thus preventing and eliminating major accidents in the production, storage, and transportation of fireworks and firecrackers. The construction of the system has the following significance:

1.   Through intelligent analysis and warning of such events and on-site information on fireworks and firecrackers production, storage, and transportation, major accidents can be prevented, the degree and scope of accidents can be reduced, and the information level of safety production management of fireworks and firecrackers can be improved, achieving the interaction and sharing of safety management information within enterprises.

2.   Management departments at all levels can effectively monitor enterprises and eliminate violations such as illegal operations, overstaffing, blind command, overtime production, and illegal construction. They can also punish enterprises based on the violations captured on video, effectively promoting civilized production, improving safety levels, and reducing accident rates. Management departments can perform hierarchical management based on the safety status and performance of the enterprise’s monitoring system.

3.   The system can be directly integrated into the emergency management command platform, serving scientific decision-making and command dispatch of emergency rescue. When a major accident occurs, the cause can be analyzed based on on-site videos. With the guidance of the government’s functions, enterprises’ accident emergency response can be better guided to carry out emergency rescue work.

References

• Final Rule: Amendments to Fireworks Regulations
• Crowd Dynamics and Safety at Outside Events
• FIREWORKS CYCLING SENSOR By
• INVESTIGATION REPORT
• An Introduction to Fire Performance Monitoring for Buildings
• Cascades – Monterey Park – CA.gov
• ANNEX A on Safety Recommended Good Practices
• Utah Performing Arts Safety Manual
• CHAPTER SIX TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT PLAN
• Pyro~hnics Pyrolat~, ~Alt. to S. A. Coman) (Air. toJ. Zucchero)